单片机控制的智能型自动名茶炒制机

摘 要

本文根据传统炒茶工艺中存在的不足和缺点，将单片机控制技术应用于炒茶工艺中，实现单片机控制的智能化炒茶。该系统解决了传统炒茶工艺中耗时长、对人员炒茶技术要求高、无法大规模生产等缺点。

本机械将单片机的体积小、功耗低、价格低、品种规格系列化、硬件具有广泛的通用性、有专门的开发系统等优点结合起来，对制茶机的炒制方法跟对炒锅温度的控制结合在一起，实现了自动化生产。

本文根据热电偶测温再经过放大器放大后把模拟量经A/D转换器转换成数字信号传送给单片机，数字量经单片机内部存储数据的比较再经过光电隔离再控制可控硅进行对温度的控制。本设计以8031单片机为主体的控制系统构成一个能进行较复杂的数据处理和复杂控制功能的智能控制器，使其既可与微机配合构成控制系统，又可作为一个独立的单片机控制系统，具有较高的灵活性和可靠性。单片机根据输入的各种命令，进行智能算法得到控制值，输出脉冲触发信号，通过过零触发电路驱动双向可控硅，从而加热电炉。

关键字:温度控制,热电偶传感器，A/D转换器，单片机

Abstract

This article according to the traditional tea to fry the insufficiencyand the shortcoming which in the system craft exists, applies themonolithic integrated circuit control technology to the tea fries inthe system craft, realizes intellectualized tea trillion system whichthe monolithic integrated circuit controls. This system solved thetraditional tea to fry long in the system craft consumed whento thepersonnel tea fries the system specification to be high, to be unableshortcoming and so on large scale production.

This machinery the monolithic integrated circuit volume small, thepower loss low, the price is low, the variety specification seriation,the hardware has the widespread versatility, has merit and so onspecial development system unifies, fries the system method to thesystem tea machine with to the wok temperature control to unify intogether, has realized the automated production.

This article according to the thermo-element to measure warm enlargesagain after the amplifier, the simulation quantity transforms thedigital signal after the A/D switch to transmit gives the monolithicintegrated circuit, the digital quantity after the monolithicintegrated circuit interior stored datum comparison, again passesthrough the photoelectricity isolation, thus controls thesilicon-controlled rectifier to carry on the temperature the control.This design constitutes take 8,031 monolithic integrated circuits asthe main body control system to be able to carry on the more complexdata processing and the plurality of controls function intelligentcontroller, causes its both to be possible with the microcomputercoordination constitution control system, and may take an independentmonolithic integrated circuit control system, has a higher flexibilityand the reliability. The monolithic integrated circuit basis inputseach kind of order, carries on the intelligent algorithm to obtain thecontrol value, the output pulse trigger pip, has triggered theelectric circuit through zero to actuate the bidirectionalsilicon-controlled rectifier, thus heats up the electric stove.

Essential character:Temperature control, thermocouple sensor, A/Dswitch, monolithic integrated circuit

目 录

摘要 1

ABSTRACT 2

第1章绪论 3

第2章 方案论证比较设计 7

2.1单片机概述 7

2.1.1 硬件 7

2.1.2 软件 7

2.2步进电机的工作原理 8

2.3步进电机工作方式的选择 9

2.3.1 控制步进电机换向顺序 10

2.3.2 控制步进电机的转向 10

2.3.3 控制步进电机的速度 10

2.4单片机控制步进电机的设计思路 10

2.5设计的要求 10

第3章控制系统的硬件电路设计 12

3.1 SPCE061A的介绍 12

3.1.1 性能 12

3.1.2 结构 13

3.1.3芯片的引脚排列和说明 13

3.1.4 SPCE061A单片机硬件结构 14

3.1.5 μ’NspTM的核心结构 16

3.1.6寄存器组 17

3.2步进电机的选择 18

3.3 步进电机的驱动电路设计 18

3.3.1多个功率放大器件驱动电机 18

3.3.2L298N芯片驱动电机 18

3.4数码管显示电路的设计 20

3.4.1串行接法 20

3.4.2并行接法 20

3.5 4X4键盘电路的设计 21

第4章控制系统的软件电路设计 23

4.1 控制脉冲的产生 23

4.2 步进电机的旋转方向和时序脉冲的关系 24

4.3 步数的确定 25

4.4 步进电机的变速控制 27

4.5 双机通讯的程序设计 137

结论 42

参考文献 43

致谢 44

附录