试析《鲁宾逊漂流记》中主人公的探索精神

　　Daniel Defoe(1660-1731)–in eighteenth Century,four of the great British novelists,Defoe ranked first(the other three were Jonathan Swift,Samuel Richardson and Henry Fielding).He was honored as the father of the British and European novels.Defoe was born in an oil Candlestick family in London,and was a successful businessman when he was young.While engaged in business,he also engaged in political activities,which represented a large number of political pamphlets published by the rising bourgeoisie at that time and was arrested.Defoe didn't start a novel until he was in his late years.When he wrote"Robinson Crusoe",he was 59 years old.Since then,he has also created novels such as captain Singleton,Colonel Jack and Moore Flanders.These novels have played a great role in the development of British and European novels.Robinson went to sea 4 times before and after.Before the 3 voyage,he suffered a storm at sea or almost ship crash,or suffered pirate attacks and lucky escape,but these have failed to stop him to continue the process of dream.The light of the dream of gleaming gleaming colors leads him to conquer one after another,out of another danger.Robinson's adventure,the courage to pursue the spirit of continuous innovation,which is.The fourth time in the sea was a storm,and all his companions were killed.Only one of him drifted to a desert island.The desert island didn't have any living conditions at all.But Robinson quickly adjusted his mindset and refreshed himself.He retrieved the only living articles from the boat,and created a new life on the island by virtue of his ingenuity,strong will and industrious hands.He firmly believed that as long as he was willing to work hard,diligent and hardworking,he would be able to survive on this barren island.Then he began his stone block house,learn to grow rice flour to make bread,hunting,domesticated goats,canoe.Overcoming the unimaginable difficulties,miraculously created his own kingdom on the desolate island.

　　The main story is that the hero,Robinson Caruso(Robinson Crusoe),was born in a middle class family and lived in the four seas throughout his life.Once on a voyage to Africa,he met a storm,drifting only on an unmanned desert island and starting a secluded life.With his strong will and unremitting efforts,he survived on the desert island and returned to his hometown after 28 years,2 months and 19 days.Born in a decent business family,Robinson Caruso was eager to navigate and wanted to see it abroad.He went to the sea with his father,to London,and bought some fake pearls and toys to do business in Africa.

　　The fourth voyage,the ship ran aground in a storm on the way,all the companions were killed on board,only Robinson survived,drifted alone a no human habitation of the island.He made a raft with the mast of the wreck,and transported the food,clothing,firearms and ammunition to the shore again and again,and set up tents on the hill side to settle down.Then he used a sharpened stake in the tent around the fence,living in tents after digging.He made tables,chairs and other furniture with simple tools,food for hunting,and fresh water in the stream.

　　He began planting of barley and rice on the island,homemade wooden mortar,wooden pestle,sieve,flour processing,drying out the rough bread.He captures and domesticate wild goats to reproduce.He also made pottery and so on,guaranteed his own life needs.A"villas"and a farm were built at the other end of the desert island.In spite of this,Robinson has never given up a way to find his way out of the island.He cut down a tree,took five or six months to make a canoe,but the boat was too heavy,urge to go to sea,I would go back to make another one small boat.After 15 years of life alone on the island,Robinson found a footprint on the coast of the island one day.Soon,he found human bones and traces of fire,a group of savage island originally was held here superior meat feast.Robinson was stunned.After that he kept vigilant and watched more around him.It was not until twenty-fourth years that a group of wild men came to the island,carrying the prisoners who were ready to kill and eat them.After the discovery,Robinson rescued one of them.Because that day was Friday,Robinson named the rescued prisoner"Friday".Since then,"Friday"became a faithful servant and friend of Robinson.Then,Robinson rescued a Spaniard and a"Friday"father with"Friday".Shortly after a British ship was anchored near the island,the sailors rebel on the ship and abandoned three people,such as the captain,on the island.Robinson and"Friday"helped the captain to conquer the rebel sailors and regain the ship.He left the sailors on the island and returned to England with"Friday"and the captain to leave the desert island.At this time,Robinson had been away from home for 35 years(28 years on the island).He married in England and gave birth to three children.After the death of his wife,Robinson once again by the sea business,he lived in the island,then stay in the island and the Spaniards have settled seaman thrive.Robinson sent out some new immigrants,divided the land on the island and left them with all the daily necessities and left the island satisfactorily.

　　The vigorous development of the British industrial revolution made Britain the largest capitalist power in the world.Foreign trade and colonial expansion greatly promoted the economic development and wealth accumulation of Britain.Mercantilism and economic individualism became the mainstream of the society at that time.The whole of Britain was filled with a strong pursuit and enterprising spirit.In this context,Defoe portrayed the image of Robinson in Robinson Crusoe.This is the first positive image of the bourgeoisie in the world literature.It is the embodiment of the enterprising and tenacious asset image under the social background of mercantilism and economic individualism.Robinson Crusoe is the original work of realistic novels,which has a profound influence in the history of the development of English and European literature.Since the beginning of the enlightenment,with the rapid development of science and technology,Westerners'belief in Christianity has been declining,because with the help of complex technology,it is possible to prove that the external God does not exist.Because God does not exist,so in the Christian under the influence and the formation of social order and moral sense of God as the highest truth"logos"and thus the two opposite ways of thinking will be questioned and rejected.The first section discusses the faith of Defoe's Robinson on the desert island and Its Enlightenment to the barbarians.Living on the island of Robinson due to his own behavior and read God's punishment for reflection and repentance on the moment,he put his salvation into every details of life,arrange their own lives in strict accordance with the standards of the Puritans,secular labor add the glory of God and eternal life.He also according to the principles of Christian universalism,thought it was his duty to make all of the pagan religious,Defoe in the process of describing Friday religious,white European centralism revealed,will undoubtedly become the target of the criticism of later writers.

　　Robinson Crusoe,written in the early eighteenth Century to twenty-first Century,has been baptized for more than 300 years.Now it still has a brilliant corner in the history of literature.It can not only be regarded as the object of serious literary criticism,but also can be used as a popular literature reading book after dinner.The story of Robinson's desert island adventure attracted countless readers and influenced generations of people.In the most general sense,the reason why this novel has such lasting charm is that it reflects the classic mode of human evolution and historical development from an ethical point of view.Robinson Crusoe is a story about the success of adversity.Wandering on the desert island,starting from scratch,and fighting against the cruel natural environment by smart minds,smart hands,unyielding fighting spirit,and finally not only get the individual's survival,but also set up an island country,which is the epitome of mankind's struggle against nature for millions of years.The troubled-struggle-success,it is one of the most popular themes in literary works,as Franklin's autobiography,the story of success always can impress people,inspired,the"Robinson Crusoe"as an inspirational novel too.

　　This spirit has always been a necessary quality for a real successful person all over the world.Defoe,the author of the Robinson Crusoe,said,"the fear of danger is ten thousand times more fearful than the danger itself."It is true that a man of adventurous spirit will eventually grow into a successful person even in a bad environment.No one is abandoned in the desert island,the living environment is very poor,very poor means of survival,Robinson thought is not escape but positive,for the convenience of living,also in order to prevent the savage or the beast,"Robinson drew up several conditions:first,the choice of home health must be as I said above.,have fresh water;second,to third,to avoid the shade;the beast or human attack;fourth,to see the sea.If God let any ship pass through,I will not lose the opportunity to escape,because I always have a glimmer of hope that sooner or later I can get out of the current dilemma."He"digging holes,fencing,domesticating goats,making tables and chairs,hunting animals,collecting fruits,planting grains,cooking pot,making wooden boats",creating a"kingdom"by hard hands.Through the use of specific data,Defoe deeply embodies the spirit of Robinson's diligence and patience.For example,when he was in a shipwreck,he knew that he could only survive himself,so he had to find shelter for himself.He needed twelve times to pick up what he needed from the wreck as much as he could.This undoubtedly requires great patience.In order to survive,and as much as possible to improve the quality of life,he always keen observation of his life he lived in the island,the island to use natural resources to improve their lives,he didn't put his life as a prisoner Island,but as a life experience,through their own hands,trying to make your life better.

　　Robinson has a new bourgeoisie spirit of solidarity,Protestants advocated the spirit of benevolence,for example,he later found out from the island,who had saved him and took him to Brazil for the Portuguese captain,in addition to exempt from his old debts,but also decided each year to the retired captain 100 Portuguese coins.The captain died every year for his son 50 Portuguese coins.In addition,he asked the widow who had kept his property for many years,gave her 100 pounds of cash,and promised to continue to take care of her later.In addition,he had two sisters in the country.Although they were not difficult to live,he sent each of them 100 pounds.Of course,Robinson can not be denied as a self centred person.His generosity,the generosity of his own foothold,is the generosity of being able to ensure his own rights and interests.He is very cautious when the rights and interests may be violated.On the desert island,he and Friday saved his father and a Spaniard on Friday.He said to a dozen Spaniards left to the island,together with the ship,to leave the island.However,he asked the Spaniards to sign the letter of guarantee,guarantee compliance with Robinson's leadership,and ask other Spaniards to sign the same guarantee,not to challenge his leadership.If anyone opposed Robinson,they must stand on the side of Robinson.There is an ancient Chinese saying that the heart of the victim is not available,and the heart can not be avoided.When Robinson met Robinson and others,a strong sense of self-protection,but alone in a no human habitation on the island for 28 years of life,if there is no strong sense of self-protection,would not live.So we should treat Robinson's selfishness and narrowness as a dialectic.

　　Robinson if he didn't leave home,then his life will not be so wonderful,in his eyes only money,and live a"clothing to hand,eat a ready-cooked meal of the day.He also does not know how to use their hands to create things,to defend their homeland,he dares to challenge to the secular:Runaway;his brave struggle with nature:after the waves have not been flooded after;his brave actions:on the island to see captive wild killed after eating out,sacrifice his own life to save him a man who dares to pursue be strangers to each other;they want things:challenges and hardships.We also should such as students,to dare to challenge to the world,not to be defeated,the pressure can be more strong,this is our goal,to dare to struggle,bold action,the courage to challenge,dare to pursue,so as to create a strong self.Robinson was strong,brave and optimistic.He should not trade in slavery.

　　3.3.1Robinson is a full adventurer

　　Robinson is not satisfied with the mediocre middle-class family life,there is always a vast sea to make impulse,regardless of the parents'opposition,use chance alone boarded a merchant ship and began his journey by sea.Unfortunately,Robinson before and after the four time at sea.Before two voyage,he was riding the ships are due to a bad storm at sea and almost boat crash.But he survived.Third voyage,his ship,although there is no storm,but by the Moorish pirates attack,he had become the slaves Moore.Later,he fled to Brazil,and there established their own plantations.Could have a here,but he again gave up a comfortable life,a partnership with others,taking more risks to the African slave trade.Now,in the west,"Robinson"has become an adventure The pronouns of the family and the heroes in the minds of thousands of readers.

　　3.3.2Robinson is an indefatigable pursuer

　　The fourth time Robinson went to sea,he was in partnership with other people and went to Africa for the slave trade.Unfortunately,their ships were lost at sea,only he survived,on an island near South America.Even living on a desert island,Robinson will never be discouraged.In the desert and the lack of basic living conditions of the island,he was alone,to overcome the many difficulties of ordinary people can not imagine.With amazing perseverance tenaciously survived.No house,he built himself;without food,he tried hunting,millet,domesticated goats,wild raisin drying;he also fumbled their own tables and chairs,making pottery,with a scarf sieving make bread……In the twenty-fourth years on the island,he also rescued a savage named him"Friday".Under his education,"Friday"became a loyal servant.He was always in action,in pursuit.With his perseverance and enthusiasm,Robinson set up his own material and spiritual kingdom on the desert island.

　　3.3.3Robinson is a brave and innovative Warrior

　　Robinson went to sea for the fourth time,and did not expect their ships to be killed.All his companions were drowned,and only he survived and went down to a desert island.At this time the island can be said to be poor and blank,no people,even the most basic living conditions are not met.But Robinson was not intimidated by difficulties,with faith in God,he believed that as long as the use of their ability and cleverness and hard-working hands,will be able to create a new world.No house,he built himself;without food,he tried to hunt,grow millet,domesticate goats and raisin raisins.He also groped for tables and chairs,made pottery,and shawled flour and bread.Through his hard work and life of the goods does not decrease,but increased gradually.By virtue of his perseverance and never yield in spite of reverses the spirit of innovation,to overcome the difficulties unimaginable,after 28 years of hard work,in the deserted island to create their own kingdom.Four,Robinson is an ideal asset image.We know that in eighteenth Century,Britain took the lead in the industrial revolution,and the industry and commerce developed rapidly.After the brutal"sheep eating people"enclosure movement,it went on a frenzied overseas plundering and colonial expansion.

　　To show the character of Robinson in the rough experience the resolute,firm and inflexible character extremely admire.I deeply appreciate that Robinson has such a rich and colorful experience,and his practical spirit and strong character can not be separated.And I do not have this spirit and character.I have long been used to the superior conditions that my parents have created for me.Like flowers in a greenhouse,no wind and rain,no love of life,it is impossible to realize that a happy life is not easy.All day thinking,nothing,who can only talk about ideals,a serious lack of down-to-earth spirit.In the study,I often encountered some difficulties,but this difficulty is compared to the difficulties and difficulties Robinson encountered on the desert island alone.He can use both hands to create a miracle.Why can't I get up the courage to overcome the difficulties?After reading the legendary career of an adventurous hero,I was deeply shocked by the spirit of a hero and the unyielding spirit of a hero.So from now on,I should be strong and brave,to a better life with a positive attitude.

　　Robinson Crusoe shows a kind of life value that has never been shown in the past literary works.That is to say,when people live,they should be good at management and dare to take risks.They should work hard for the increase of personal material wealth.Marx,a German sociologist,believes that diligence,conscientiousness,alertness,careful planning,scientific management and the principle of saving the most wealth are the adventurist spirit.In addition to the fantastic stories,the most attractive part of the novel is the character of Robinson.He dared to take risks and dare to pursue a free and unrestrained life.Even if it is a desert island,it will never be discouraged.In no human habitation,the lack of basic living conditions of the island,he was alone,to overcome the many difficulties of ordinary people can not imagine.He survived with a staggering stamina.Without a house,he built it himself.Without food,he tried hunting,planting millet,training goats,drying wild raisins,and groping for tables and chairs,making pottery,weaving baskets,drying noodles with bread scarves and making bread.In the twenty-fourth years on the island,he also saved a wild man.He was named"Friday"because it was Friday.Under his education,"Friday"became a faithful servant.In this way,Robinson established his own realm of material and spirit on the desert island.Faced with difficulties in life,Robinson shows a the doings,manly character and true colour of a hero.It embodies the spirit of creation and the spirit of pioneering in the period of the bourgeois rising.In the west,"Robinson"has become the pronoun of the adventurers and the heroes in the minds of thousands of readers.

　　Robinson lived on a desert island for almost 1/4 centuries.Although he was in a desert island,he was positive and optimistic.He did not become a burrowing wild man.In his hardships,and eventually became a millionaire.On him,he fully demonstrated the typical character of the emerging bourgeoisie.Such an image is the typical character of the primitive period of capitalism that is constantly expanding and constantly snatching.Defoe gives Robinson all kinds of good qualities:bravery,wit,enthusiasm,strong and optimism,which are both adventurers'constant pursuit and exploration,and the spirit of seeking truth and hard work.On the one hand,Defoe wanted to express this is difficult to curb the trend of history through the novel,on one hand to Robinson through the characters show the period of primitive accumulation of capital,the emerging bourgeoisie extremely hard and bitter and uplifting spirit of entrepreneurship.Robinson's strong and stubborn quality was beautified.He became the hero of bourgeois mind and became the earliest idealistic asset owner in the history of European literature.Author Defoe Robinson has commented on this:the image of the restless,bold action,the courage to pursue,Buweijianxian,according to the mode of modern civilization,the creator of a new world.Many people want to meet in the present situation,it is best not any storm will live a happy life,but they don't know who is by without strong wind and big waves but any attack and challenge.Some people have been tested to get what they want,but once they are lost,they can never get up again.Because they are afraid to spend more time on the problems that are difficult to solve."Robinson Crusoe"as a typical works of realism,the writer,on the one hand,the use of first person narrative novels promote realistic artistic skills,but also a statement without the slightest fiction,but in his works always vaguely see the shadow of the writer.So both the works and the writers themselves reflect the brave and fearless heroism of the emerging bourgeoisie in that era.

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　　This article is under the guidance of the tutor and accomplished independently by myself.In the process of writing the paper,I met a lot of difficulties.In the process of writing,many valuable suggestions have been received from many classmates.At the same time,many support and help from many colleagues in the process of work have been received,and here I would like to express my sincere gratitude.With the help of the students and teachers,I overcome these difficulties.I would like to thank my teacher in particular.He has rich professional knowledge,rigorous scholarship attitude and sincere love to students,which made me deeply encouraged and benefited.Secondly,I want to thank my alma mater,the school's strong academic atmosphere and strong artistic atmosphere,plus a good learning environment,so that I can continue to move forward in learning.At the same time,I also want to thank my other subjects teacher,they are generous with your criticism let me see growth,broaden their horizons,to enrich the university time,here I wish all the people who helped me to accept my sincere thanks!