A Report on E-C Translation of You can not be too careful

　　Herbert George Wells was born in Kent in September 21,1866 August 13,1946 Bromley,died in London at the age of eighty.Wells was a far-reaching and prestigious social activist,novelist,sociologist,historian and scientist in the early twentieth Century.Wells's creative talent is in many ways,he has published one hundred and ten books,published more than 500 articles,besides novels,is also involved in various fields of social science,history,etc..However,Wells's most outstanding achievement came from his science fiction.Bernard Bergonzi also believes that"the more entertaining scientific legends of Wells in nineteenth Century represent his highest achievement."

　　Wells's literary creation began at the end of the nineteenth Century,and was even more famous in the early twentieth Century.His creation can be roughly divided into three stages according to the category of his works.The first stage is from the beginning of the creation until 1900,works in science fiction;the second stage is from 1900 to 1910,this period mainly social satire,fully embodies his realistic tendency after 1910;for the third stage,the work is often called the"explanation of the novels"."It is necessary for anyone to discuss English novels,and it is necessary to mention his contribution."In the field of science fiction,Wells is not only the founder of British science fiction,but also a great master of science fiction with great world influence.As American science fiction writer James Gen said,he is the real originator of modern science fiction.Walter Alan,a famous British literary commentator,has highly praised him in his English novel.

　　For the translators personally,the translation of social survey reports is a new attempt.Usually contact more than prose,novels,etc.often expository contact style,to contact this article on the rigorous participatory action research articles in the beginning,because the research methods in this paper relates to education and analysis,statistical principle and methods,the use of statistical methods to explain problems is deficiency of the translator usually learn and use,so the translator in the beginning almost impossible to start.Through this translation practice,the translator not only adds a lot of knowledge about participatory action research,but also explores the characteristics of the translation of social survey report,which is a new breakthrough in the practice of self translation.

　　Refer to China HowNet literature,the translator found Wells in the west of gradually prosperous,the British scholar Frank Mc Connell in"Wells science fiction"(The Science Fiction of H.G.Wells,Oxford University Press,1981)Wells research on western book are introduced,the book relates to Wells the research mainly focuses on three aspects:

　　First,the study of Wells's life and his creation.If the United States Wells researcher J.R.Hammond's"The World of H.G.Wells"(1970),"The Interview Memoirs of H.G.Wells"(1980),"The Guide of H.G.Wells:The Guide Book of Fiction,Legend and Short Story"(1980),"The Uncollected Fiction"(1984),"H.G.Wells and Modern Fiction"(1988),"H.G.Wells and L.K.West"(1991),"H.G.Wells and Short Story"(1992),"The Chronicle of H.G.Wells"(1999),research monographs respectively from the writer's life experience,marital status,and makes an objective introduction to Wells,and the the writer's works were summarized.

　　Second,the study of Wells's thought of social improvement.This research is not much,is the most representative of the Soviet Union scholar Kagarlitski J."The Life and Thought of H.G.Wells"(London:Sedgwick and Jackson,1966),the author from a socialist standpoint,criticizes the limitations of petty bourgeois ideology of Wells.

　　Third,the study of the artistic features of Wells's novels.British scholar and critic Bergonzi Bernard in"The Early H.G.Wells"(Manchester:Manchester University Press,1961)in the book emphasizes the symbolism features in the works of Wells,said his work not only has a vivid plot and rich image,and with allegorical overtones.In the book"The Language of Fiction"(Routledge and Kegan Paul,1966),David Lodge,a contemporary British novelist and commentator,explores in detail the characteristics of Wells's novels in language arts.Robert Bloom,a British critic and theorist,reassessed the artistic value of Wells's works in A Reading of"The Last Novel of H.G.Wells"(the 1977).It is predicted that it will attract worldwide attention in the future.Hillegas Mark R.,an American literary critic,explores the anti Utopian characteristics of Wells's early novels in the book"The Future as Nightmare:H.G.Wells and the,"-"1967".

　　The study of Wells in China started in 1980s to review Ma Keyao's"Wells"world history"("reading",1982 twelfth)marked.Since then,Wells's research in China has gradually flourished.To sum up,the research on Wells mainly focuses on the following levels:

　　The discussion of Wells's novel creation view.The researchers focused on the modernist factors in Wells's creation.As Zhang Yujiu in"re understanding of Wells's Novels"("foreign literature review,1993 third)in an article that Wells insists on the creation principle of diversification,he inherits the traditional British literature,the narrative framework of the novel reform,expand the field of the novel.Thinking in"on Wells"science fiction"fiction of Wolf"on modern fiction Wang Songnian"("Journal of Nanjing College of Posts and Telecommunications,1999 second)through the analysis of the novel"fiction of Wells when people wake up"science fiction eclipsis,pointed out that Woolf's critique of Wells due to the fair,he thought Wells beyond the creation of realism and romanticism tradition,but also into the factors of modernism.In view of Wells's novel"Yin Qiping"("foreign literature",2001 02)the analysis of creation debate on Henry James and Wells's novels through a text,which points out Wells's view of biases:"turn the consistency of the diversity of life and art of the whole structure and the theme of the opposition up",but also affirmed the rationality:Wells thought system according to the actual requirements of life at any time to break the existing rules of art.

　　The practice report of this translation consists of four main parts.The first part introduces the background of the translation project and the characteristics of the original text.The second part is the process of translation,including the preparation before translation,the acquisition of translation items,the reading and analysis of the original text,the selection of translation strategies and methods,the auxiliary tools and the translator's designated translation plan.The third part is the characteristic case analysis of translation.With representative examples,it shows the practical application of various translation strategies,including literal translation and free translation.The last part,as a summary,includes the guidance function of functional equivalence theory and communicative translation theory to translators'translation articles,including the translator's writing through translation practice report,which is not only more familiar with the translation process,but also has a new understanding and understanding of translation.

　　The translator points out the three meanings of the translation.On the basis of the current research,it attempts to prove the validity of Peter Neumark's communicative translation theory through translation practice.

　　Herbert George Wells(Herbert George Wells,1866-1946),a famous British novelist,is especially famous for the creation of science fiction.The time machine was published in 1895,and then he published many science fiction such as"Dr.Mollo island","the invisible man","the interstellar war"and so on.He is a social reformer and a prophet,who is an important member of the Fabian Society,met with Roosevelt and Stalin,wrote"Kipps","Tononi-punge","Bo and his history","Mr.Brelin through his","grace","forecast","world history"a lot of attention to reality,thinking about the future of work.

　　原文来源于此：First UK edition:Secker&Warburg,London,1941

　　First US edition:G.P.Putnam’s Sons,New York,1942

　　This web edition published by eBooks Adelaide.

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　　In his novels,Wells describes a series of problems faced by human beings in the background of the rapid progress of machines and technology.When the advanced science and technology by the ruling class master,has become an important means of the ruled class exploitation and oppression;scientific and technological progress to solve the many problems of human society,such as life,cure disease,eliminate hunger,but also may cause adult inner values,moral standards,change ideal and pursuit.Even lead to the loss of people's sense of social responsibility;also caused by technology egocentrism that science and technology have self,which brings about a series of other social and ethical issues.

　　At the beginning of the translation of the novel,political novels have been paid attention to by the society.But because of its strong utilitarianism and lack of artistic appeal,the readers gradually lost interest in it.With the rise of the citizen class,science fiction has been welcomed by people because of its rich imagination and intriguing plot.The intellectual circles that science fiction,both by science and the latitude to human,can increase Cong Yi Ming can edify disposition,Jisai deep micro and can make people in the"intellectual one between imperceptibly was broken,the genetic improvement of superstition,ideology,civilization auxiliary".So,science fiction has become an effective tool to enlighten people.Under the influence of translation and scientific enlightenment,new novelists are devoted to science fiction.In the first ten years,there was a high tide of translation science fiction in China.It was in this social background that Wells was introduced to China.Since the introduction and translation of Wells's works in China in 1915,his translation in China has gone through three stages,from the early twentieth Century to the liberation stage,before the founding of the people's Republic of China,before the reform and opening to the outside world,and after the reform and opening up to the beginning of twenty-first Century.Due to the influence of social situation and political ideology,the translation of Wells in different periods showed different characteristics.

　　This kind of style show the authenticity and strong logic,for example,the use of statistical methods to explain problems in this paper,using the data to analysis of examples,so the translator also adhere to the true criterion,true contents the author transfer translation,to avoid affecting the original authenticity of the translator's subjective content.Pay attention to logic Chinese translation,translation of words is not rigorous,in order to pursue the true and simple word for word translation,focusing on the overall logic of the smooth degree.

　　In addition,there are also the characteristics of the words and sentences in the original text.The use of words is accurate,the use of professional terms and repeated use of obvious,complex sentences appear a lot of times,sentence structure is strict,the level of the article is clear.The translator needs accurate translation of the article before understanding,and to follow the Chinese habit,avoid translationese,with Chinese customary way to convey the author's ideas;but compared to other types of text,report content and people are closely related,so the translator in the understanding on reducing some difficulty,it is a a good translation of the text summary.

　　In addition,there are also the characteristics of the words and sentences in the original text.The use of words is accurate,the use of professional terms and repeated use of obvious,complex sentences appear a lot of times,sentence structure is strict,the level of the article is clear.The translator needs accurate translation of the article before understanding,and to follow the Chinese habit,avoid translationese,with Chinese customary way to convey the author's ideas;but compared to other types of text,report content and people are closely related,so the translator in the understanding on reducing some difficulty,it is a a good translation of the text summary.

　　Through the overall grasp of the background and main contents,the translator points out the rigorous characteristics of the original text.Therefore,the translator also pays attention to the style of the original text while translating,and accurately conveys the content of the original text to the target readers.

　　This translation experience is very valuable.Before I translated this science fiction,I didn't have any translation experience,and I never concerned about the skills that should be used in English translation.My experience will be summed up in the following aspects:

　　First,through translation,I know that there are three excellent translation methods that can be used to translate from English to Chinese.They are translated,omitted and detailed.More importantly,I applied them to my translation process and used them.More importantly,I found that using these three methods,translation becomes very easy and interesting.

　　Secondly,we use the western language model to understand the difference between Chinese novels and English novels.Through translation,I have learned how to understand the language of the novel in my future study,which is a valuable experience for me.

　　Finally,in the process of translation,in order to translate the article well,I read the original text many times and recited it completely.By reciting the text,I know the great and beyond the repercussions of science.

　　First of all,my translation is too direct.

　　A more direct and unstandard translation criterion is the wrong way to measure the transparency of a translation,and the result is often fallacy in the extreme case of the words generated in the Machine Translation translation system.

　　However,in some cases,the translator may consciously seek to produce a literal translation.Translation literature,religious or historical texts often adhere to the source text as much as possible,and the limitation of drawing the target language produces uneven text.The translator can use the expression of the source language to provide local color.

　　Secondly,my translation is not loyal to the original.

　　The translation that meets the first standard is believed to be faithful;the translation conforms to the second habits.These two qualities are not necessarily mutually exclusive.

　　The criterion for judging the faithfulness of the translation is different from the theme,type and use,literary nature and social and historical background of the text.

　　However,in the process of translation,I added too much content,which led to the misunderstanding of Chinese readers.

　　1.The application of literal translation

　　The literal translation not only preserves the content of the original,but also preserves the form of the original,especially the rhetorical,image,character and regional characteristics.The literal translation requires the internal form of the translation,including the words,the frame of the sentence,the technique of the parabola and so on,and it also requires the fluent and easy to understand language.Obviously,literal translation has its merits.As an important translation method,literal translation has many advantages,which can convey the meaning of the original text in the original style of the person.The 70%sentence is translated for literal translation and literal translation by most translators.But there are several people who are literal translation,because there are some other same meanings.There are differences in the tactical orientation between symbol orientation and language symbols.In other words,there is no absolute agreement,so there is no absolute and accurate translation.The positioning is:translation of the sentence is redundant,lengthy,difficult to understand,and sometimes can not convey the original meaning,sometimes counterproductive,so if translators choose the wrong strategy,if he ignores the case,if he ignored between two languages,he may go the wrong place,and then made the error.Sometimes,the form and content of parole are variant.The framework of the surface is not matched with the deep framework.On the other hand,because of different cultural backgrounds,different thoughts and different expressions.

　　2.The Application of Free Translation

　　The form and content of parole are variant.The surface framework and deep framework do not coincide.On the other hand,because of different cultural backgrounds,different thoughts and different expressions occur.In this case,the translator can not always choose the literal translation,otherwise the translation of the word is difficult to understand.But free translation is a good choice,which can hinder the shortcomings of translation.Literal translation sometimes confuses readers,because there are differences between languages.If everything is translated word by word,it is silly,but free translation can not.The early literal translation is a notorious literal translation,but the appearance of the free translation is a substitute for the literal translation.Today,the free translation still has a long way to go.

　　Example1:THIS insane urgency of our mad Mother Nature to make us seek“relief”was not by any means all that was happening to Homo Tewler in his metamorphosis.A number of other things,and some of them even more fundamental than this insistence upon unintelligent futile orgasms,were also breaking out in his changing personality.

　　A number of other things,and some of them even more fundamental than this insistence upon unintelligent futile orgasms.

　　其他许多情绪甚至比这种总是无知无聊的极度兴奋更为根本

　　这句话采用了直译的方法，这样才能忠实传达原语的思想，反映原语的表达方式甚至作品的风格，做到形神兼备，否则译品就会失去原作的精髓。再如下例：

　　Example2:“I exist,”says this innate complex,“but do I exist importantly enough?Are these creatures about me getting the better of me,pushing in front of me?

　　but do I exist importantly enough

　　但是我是否存在得足够重要（我的存在是否足够重要)

　　直译有助于我们了解西方文化，同时，也有助于传播我们的民族文化，使西方人了解中国。通过直译，读者更容易了解原作的思想和风格。

　　Example3:“It will never be the same place without him,”said old Mr Blake.“Sometimes we differed a bit in a friendly way,but it was all give and take.A fellow of infinite jest.”

　　give and take

　　取舍这个词刚好在中文里有对应的词，用取舍颇为恰当，然而在翻译过程中，相当多的句子不能采用直译来翻译，因此我们必须采取意译，特别是文学著作。因为语言基础发生变化，所以大部分文学著作都要求采用意译。下面是对意译的例子进行分析：

　　Example1:He just hated to think I was a pirate dressmaker working myself to the bone with a roomful of hussies.

　　他一想到我是个剽窃别人的裁缝，和一屋子别的粗俗女子一起工作，他就很忿恨

　　Be bone with被翻译成为一起工作，明显就是意译，如果翻译成为啃食就显得毫无意义，并且容易误导读者。

　　Example2:and the others out of Edward Albert’s World and were replaced by others to whom he could present a firmer countenance.

　　以及爱德华艾尔伯特的世界以外的人都被别的他能对他们展现出一张坚定面庞的人所替代了。

　　If we translate into a solid expression,Chinese readers cannot understand,therefore become more popular translation firm face,when we use literal translation to keep the original image,we can use translation to make the appropriate supplement,which makes translation can clearly and accurately convey the original meaning.

　　In a word,in the process of translation,we should combine literal translation with free translation.As an excellent translation,even a long sentence,it is neither a simple literal translation nor a simple free translation,but a combination of literal and free translation.From the above analysis,literal translation and free translation are complementary to each other.Literal translation and free translation are only means of translation in the process of translation.In the translation work,the two are partners and closely connected,so they are inseparable.In translation,although the two methods of literal translation and free translation are used at the same time,the use of literal translation is much less than that of free translation.Both literal and free translation have the basis and reason for their existence.Although there are great differences between English and Chinese,there are still some similarities between the two.Therefore,there is still a possibility of consistent content and form between the source language and the target language,which is the basis and reason for the existence of the literal translation.On the contrary,because there are great differences between English and Chinese,there must be many differences between the original and the target language in content and form,which is the basis and reason for the existence of free translation.

　　In accordance with the difficulty of the article,the translator solved the problem by using the communicative translation theory and successfully completed the translation.

　　Because of the differences between Chinese and English,and the differences between culture and language habits that can not be ignored,it is especially important to adjust the structure,increase or decrease the amount of words.The purpose is to let the purpose and readers understand the content that the original text wants to convey.While realizing the transmission of information,translation also realizes cultural communication,so translation bears an important meaning.This translation practice not only their translation ability,gave me a translator to classroom learning translation theories and skills to practice the opportunity,after repeated comparison,thinking,thinking,change will eventually find the right words in the process of translation,the translation of the understanding and enhance the level.The translator's new understanding of translation is,first of all,the most important thing is to understand the original text and to pursue faithfulness and smoothness on the basis of understanding.To contact this article on the rigorous participatory action research articles in the beginning,due to the lack of background knowledge,can not understand the original smooth so the translator almost impossible to start,so the translator added a large number of participatory action research knowledge,in the understanding of the study after reading the text again,finally grasp the idea.Secondly,it is the expression process.Because of the differences between Chinese and English,the content of the original text is passed to the target readers.At the same time,it is very important to transform the way of thinking of English users into the way of thinking of the target readers.Otherwise,there will be an obvious translation chamber.Finally,in the proofreading stage,translators find that they have problems like missing translation and mistranslation,which are successfully solved in self checking,group inspection and tutorial revision.The form of translation practice report is from English to Chinese,but the translator also has some experience in translating Chinese to English.That is to learn the accuracy and sentence structure of social science English articles(John Pinkham,2012).After learning and living in the future,I will continue to improve my bilingual level,improve my reading comprehension ability,expand my knowledge and expand my vocabulary,and strengthen my translation practice so as to become a qualified translator.

　　The first is in the understanding of the original text,the translator first lack of awareness of participatory action research,but also a lack of statistical knowledge,to correct translation of the article must be informed of the background knowledge,therefore,to understand the translator as a translator,to understand the importance of various disciplines and fields,except in the translation of his arm into small experts in the field,should pay more attention to the usual accumulation of knowledge.Besides,translators only focus on conveying the original idea when they are in the initial translation.They are not accurate enough to choose words,and there is a serious translation chamber.Therefore,in addition to learning theories,we should also strengthen the bilingual ability of Chinese and English.

　　Due to the limited translation level and lack of knowledge reserve,only a preliminary exploration of the research on the translation of social investigation reports is carried out.The translator's investigation in this field is still in the blank area,and we hope to have more literature to study it more deeply.

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　　[2]Kennison,Shelia(2013).Introduction to Language Development.Los Angeles:Sage.

　　[3]Masur,E.F.(1995).Infants’early verbal imitation and their later lexical development.Merrill-Palmer Quarterly.41(3):286–306.OCLC 89395784.

　　[4]王天然.演讲场景的交替传译研究—日语MTI在读研究生翻译技巧的常见问题与应对策略[D].北京外国语大学,2016.

　　[5]张蔚.翻译专业英语演讲课程之初探[J].湖北函授大学学报,2015,(09):148-149.

　　[6]齐龙飞,丁晓宇.目的论视角下英语演说翻译研究[J].现代语文(语言研究版),2014,(06):138-141.

　　[7]蔡经纬.公众演讲中俄译汉同传案例分析[D].内蒙古师范大学,2014.

　　[8]杨永芳.国内英语演讲研究现状思考[J].湖北第二师范学院学报,2012,(S1):37-39.

　　[9]翁涛.现场噪音影响传译质量的个案研究[J].海外英语,2010,(11):267-268.

　　[10]戴尔•卡耐基（作者）.《卡耐基魅力口才与演讲的艺术》王红星（译者）.[M].中国华侨出版社，2011.

　　大学生活一晃而过，回首走过的岁月，心中倍感充实，当我写完这篇毕业论文的时候，有一种如稀重负的感觉，感慨良多。

　　首先，我要诚挚地感谢我的论文导师XXX老师。我做毕业设计的每个阶段，从论文的选题到查阅资料，到提纲的审定，直至写作和中期论文的修改，到最后定稿，都离不开X老师的耐心指导、审阅和修改。论文的完成凝结了老师大量的心血，在此谨向X老师致以诚挚的谢意和崇高的敬意。

　　在大学的学习生活中，我还要感谢学校的各位领导、老师，你们严谨细致、一丝不苟的作风一直是我工作、学习中的榜样；你们循循善诱的教导和不拘一格的思路给予了我无尽的启迪。

　　常言道：滴水之恩，当以涌泉相报。父母养育了我，母校栽培了我。您们对我的恩情，我必将铭记于心，学好本领，报答您们，回报社会。

　　最后感谢审阅、评议论文和出席论文答辩会的各位老师，感谢您们的辛勤劳动和指教！