年产25万吨DME生产工艺设计

摘要

二甲醚现在被广泛使用，其生产和应用类技术专业，已成为当今中国和国际的能源，环保，化工等行业的热门话题，以中国未来的能源技术发展来看，二甲醚属于一个朝阳产业，因为中国正在开发新一代汽车动力，电力和民用燃料行业。在设计中首先需要正确计算相关的物料平衡和热量平衡。最后可以通过流体力学的计算，来验证每个指标分析数据信息是否符合设计技术标准。产量规定为二十五万吨每年，按照每年三百天，每天二十四小时来进行分析计算，通过一系列的计算,便可以计算出在单位时间内究竟能生产出多少DME，接下来就需要对精馏塔，进行全塔的物料衡算，首先，先经过一些数据的转换和处理，由此便可以获得F（原料流量），D(塔顶溜出液)和W(釜液)。下一步是确定塔板的数量，实际塔板的数量为二十七个(不包括再沸器)，同时对精馏塔的主要尺寸和塔板结构的设计进行了计算。同时还计算了精馏塔的主要尺寸和塔板结构的设计。最后塔高为18.52米。通过之前得到的相关数据和结论，依次来确定进料管、回流管、釜液出口管、塔顶蒸汽管、加热蒸汽管这几个对应的管径，再根据冷凝水进出口的温度，确定冷凝器采用管壳式换热器。

关键词：二甲醚；一步法；分离；甲醇；精馏塔

Annual output of 250,000 tons of DME production process design

Dimethyl ether is now widely used, its production and application technology, has become the Chinese and international energy, environmental protection, chemical and other industries hot topic, in China’s future energy technology development, dimethyl ether belongs to a sunrise industry, because China is developing a new generation of car power, power and civil fuel industry.

In the design, the relevant material balance and heat balance should be calculated correctly. Finally, fluid dynamics can be used to verify whether the analysis data of each indicator meets the design technical standards. Production for fifty hundred thousand tons a year, according to three hundred days a year, 24 hours a day to analyze calculation, through a series of calculation, can calculate how much in unit time can produce DME, then need for distillation tower, the tower material balance, first of all, after some data conversion and processing, which can get F (raw material flow), D (tower top slip liquid) and W (kettle). The next step is to determine the number of tower plates, the actual number of tower plates is 27 (excluding the reboiler), and the main size of the distillation tower and the design of the tower structure are calculated. At the same time, the main size of the distillation column and the structure design of the tower are also calculated. The final tower height is 18.52 meters. Through the relevant data and conclusions obtained before, the corresponding diameter of the feed pipe, return pipe, kettle liquid outlet tube, tower top steam tube, steam tube and heating steam tube is determined successively, and then according to the condensate inlet and outlet temperature, the condenser is determined.

Key words: methyl ether；one-step method; separation; methanol;distillation tower

目 录

1 绪论

1.1二甲醚的物理、化学性质

1.2二甲醚的应用与研究前景

1.2.1 二甲醚的应用

1.2.2 研究前景

1.3 二甲醚的工艺设计方法

1.3.1 一步法

1.3.2 二步法

2 工艺流程

2.1 生产技术方案与原理

2.2 设备选型

2.2.1 接管的设计

2.2.2 回流管

2.2.3 釜液出口管

2.2.4 塔顶蒸汽管

2.2.5 加热蒸汽管

2.2.6 冷凝器的选型

2.3 工艺流程图

3 工艺计算

3.1 设计任务

3.2 物料衡算

3.2.1 精馏塔物料衡算

3.2.2 精馏塔设备计算

3.3 能量衡算

3.3.1 数据

3.3.2 冷凝器的热负荷

3.3.3 再沸器的热负荷

3.3.4 冷却水消耗量和加热蒸汽消耗量

4 结论

参考文献

谢辞

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