英语专业学生创业现状及其对策

　　With the development of entrepreneurial economy and the intensification of economic globalization,rapidly developing college student education,cultivating enterprise talents have become the consensus of national education.

　　The employment situation of the current society is becoming more and more serious.The economic reform has already entered the deep water area in China.The problems of how to solve the difficult problem of employment of the current society and how to inject new vitality into the economic development have become lasting social problems.The difficult employment slows economic development in such a large background.

　　Premier Li Keqiang put forward the idea of"public entrepreneurship and innovation"for the first time in the summer Davos forum in 2014.The concept caused widespread concern in the community.In the follow-up process to implement,the government introduced a series of related policies,the central government has put forward innovation and public entrepreneurship peoples call,hope to innovation and entrepreneurship to promote the sustainable development of the economy of our country.At present,it is necessary to enable economic growth to overcome the downward pressure,we must change the objects and the way of economic development,the development and utilization of those storage rich and relatively insufficient development of unconventional resources which the most important is national creative resources,including the development of every member of society and social organizations,each kind of social relations and social life contained in the creative potential,this potential for change in national creative work for leading the advanced productive forces.Colleges and universities have a relatively complete hardware facilities,with the advantages of science and technology resources,college students is one of the most innovative and entrepreneurial potential of the group.They have passion,ideas,and the teacher's guidance and school support,with the realization of the natural advantages of innovation and entrepreneurship.As the training of high-quality,high-skilled,application-oriented talents bases,the universities should undertake the historical mission.Therefore,it is a good way to improve the overall level of entrepreneurship education in universities as a breakthrough point.

　　The general secretary Jintao Hu in seventeenth report has clearly pointed out that“to improve the capability of independent innovation,establish innovational country.This is the core of national development strategy,is the key to improve comprehensive national strength”,meanwhile stressed that“implement the development strategy of enlarging employment,promote the enterprise to drive employment”,“prefect the policy to support entrepreneurship and themselves,strengthen concept education of employment,so that more workers will become entrepreneurs”[5].College students are valuable talents resources for the country,are the future and hope of the nation,it is a high-quality force in our country modernization,and their creativity will directly influence the construction of our75country socialism and innovative country.In a word,entrepreneurship not only has a great of significances for College students’growth and development,but also has important significance for the construction of innovative country and sustained economic prosperity and stability.

　　The employment situation of the current society is becoming more and more serious.The economic reform has already entered the deep water area in China.The problems of how to solve the difficult problem of employment of the current society and how to inject new vitality into the economic development have become lasting social problems.The difficult employment slows economic development in such a large background.

　　Firstly,students can understand the professional quality and professional skills required to engage in English through the research of this topic.Thus they can Change the negative attitude of senior students'English learning and work hard.

　　Secondly,it is helpful for students to set up good life values,fully understand their own advantages and disadvantages and the severe situation of social employment pressure.

　　Thirdly,it is helpful to improve students'ability of independent innovation and improve analytical and problem-solving skills.

　　Finally,it is best to Offer some reference to university entrepreneurship education.

　　Entrepreneurship is a relatively young field and entrepreneurship research currently faces a number of opportunities and challenges.Furthermore,entrepreneurship is a major source of employment,economic growth,and innovation,promoting product and service quality,competition,and economic flexibility[3].Entrepreneurship education was first brought forward by United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO)in the seminar of“Oriented to the development trends of education the 21st century”in 1989.The last two decades has seen a dramatic rise in the number and status of entrepreneurship education programs in the university students.The report to the Seventeenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed the aims of“Implement a development strategy that promotes job creation and encourage entrepreneurship to create more employment opportunities”.To promote and encourage the students to start the business become an important way and breakthrough to solve the employment problem.

　　The cultivation of enterprise competency is the most central part in the entire enterprise education for undergraduates.Entrepreneurship requires undergraduates to have a relatively high overall quality which can fast change the learned theoretical knowledge into practice and effectively address the unexpected problems.This kind of enterprise competency can be generally summarized in the following aspects.

　　2.2.1Professional skills

　　If a university student wants to operate a company,he/she must have an excellent theoretical knowledge as the basis and have a thorough understanding of what he/she has learned,meanwhile,he/she must summarize and analyze the experience gained in practice and continuously enhance the capability to apply professional skills in practice.

　　2.2.2 Collaboration.

　　Society is a unity.The operation of an enterprise requires communication with other communities in society.No matter it is from the internal part or external part of enterprises,it requires individuals and units to collaborate together.Therefore,entrepreneurial people must have the capacity of unity and cooperation with others.This kind of capacity can effectively help entrepreneurs to unite the internal staff and create a harmonious interior environment in enterprises,promoting the enterprises to better operate and develop;meanwhile,entrepreneurs can well handle the relationship with each community in society and win the support from tax and commerce departments when necessary,ensuring a flexible principle under the premise it is not the problem going against some principles.

　　2.2.3 Self-perception.

　　Before starting their own businesses,undergraduates must fully work out their own positions and analyze according to their own interest and characters by exploring what jobs are suitable and finalize their favorite occupations,giving full play of their potentials in work.With the continuous development and progress of society and the ceaseless social divisions,more job types are provided to choose for undergraduates,therefore,undergraduates can have a broad understanding of and 183 exposure to various industries,developing their own interests,making life plans ahead and reducing the loss feeling before starting any businesses.

　　2.2.4 Psychological maturity

　　The ability to adjust psychologically is the most basic factor to evaluate the comprehensive quality of people.A person with good mental accommodation can use a positive and stable attitude not a negative and despair attitude to face difficulties and failures by learning from failures and making them as the cornerstone of business success.Entrepreneurs should get adequate psychological preparation before starting their own businesses to cope with the vagaries of the fierce competition.The major colleges and universities should enhance students'psychological education so that they can have healthy overlooks on the world,life and values as well as the capacity to withstand failures.

　　With the development of entrepreneurship education,the domestic research of entrepreneurship education evaluation grows rapidly.Guo Bi-yu(2003)presented subjectivity,practical,technical advancement,innovation and team integrity as constructing principles of evaluation system of college student innovative undertaking.Li Jing-wang(2003)provided the fundamental principles and thought in the performance evaluation of established evaluation systems from different perspectives,for example,Li Guo-ping established entrepreneurship education evaluations system about patent innovation abilities of the teachers;Chen Hao-kai(2007)has done the research from the following aspects:courses of entrepreneurship education,teachers of entrepreneurship education,entrepreneurial environments of the colleges and the student traits.

　　In 1995,UNESCO(United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization)publishing“The reform and development policy of college education”pointed that in times that diplomas is not equal to the work,the society are more need college graduates that not only the seekers for existing position,but also the creators for new jobs position.UNESCO(United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization)held the World Conference on Higher Education in Paris in 1998,the declaration of 21stCentury Higher Education in the conference clearly stated that“in order to facilitate the employment of graduates,higher education should be more concerned about the development of enterprise skills and spirits.In 1990,the second international vocational and technical education further stressed that“in order to adapt the challenges of 21stcentury,we must reform education,emphasis on the cultivation of enterprise ability.Enterprise ability is a core competence,which must through general education and technical and vocational education to cultivate”.Take MIT and Stanford as the representative of international famous universities,they all make developing excellent innovative entrepreneurial students as their own characteristics sign.A large number of their graduates joined enterprise,taking use of social public platform resources to launch the R&D results to the market,and achieved high social benefits,is regarded as the leading of“innovative entrepreneurial university”.Therefore,enterprise education is the new trend of the development of future higher education.

　　Above-mentioned research findings from different perspectives put forward related theories and index systems,and it provides the theory instructions for the actual evaluation research.

　　The current situation of innovation and enterprise education Chinese innovation and enterprise education began with Reform and Opening-up.In recent years,Chinese universities’innovation and enterprise education has been constantly strengthened and improved.However,our current innovation and enterprise education is still in the early development stage and it hasn’t played its role in the innovative country’s strategy.

　　The ratio of college students enterprise in China is less than 1%of the total graduates,while in developed countries usually accounts for 20%to 30%,the proportion of students with enterprise aspirations as high as 75.22%.The success rate of enterprise in college students in China is from 1%to 5.13%,however in current 100 growth companies in U.S.in which 46%are founded by college students.On March 25 at the special press conference on“Global Entrepreneurship Week Summit in 2011”,Dewang Zhang,the secretary-general of Science and Technology Enterprise Fund for Shanghai College Students,said that although about 60%of shanghai college students have enterprise consciousness,only about 400graduates declare to start their own business every year.According to the aid financially for the autonomous enterprise from Science and Technology Enterprise Fund for Shanghai College Students,at present,only 60 companies have a good developing momentum among 226 companies.

　　At present,enterprise education of applied undergraduate colleges in China is still in the primary stage and stays on the surface.The object location,cultivating system and teaching mode are ambiguous and breakthrough has not been made in the cultivation of the students'capacity for innovation and enterprise.Concretely speaking,the status quo and dilemma of the enterprise education of applied undergraduate colleges are mainly presented in the following aspects:

　　3.2.1Lacking in venture capital

　　At present,although our country has provided some preferential policies for the entrepreneurship of undergraduates,for example,according to the regulation of the National Development Office[2009]No.3 document,university graduates who register unemployment in the local public employment service agency can apply for small loans less than￥50,000 when they are short in self-raised funds.The encouragement of the country,to some extent,improves the entrepreneurship activity of undergraduates.But during the process of applying for loans,undergraduates always face the problems of cumbersome application procedures,difficulty in looking for guarantees and long application cycle,etc.Students who freshly graduate from universities generally have no savings and the students from poor families have to rely on the funds of country to start their own businesses.The difficulties in applying for funds can make the undergraduates who hold entrepreneurship dreams give up their dreams.

　　3.2.2The social pressure of public opinion

　　Although the social recognition of university student's innovative undertaking is relatively high,they have to face pressure from all sides during real entrepreneurial process.Firstly,many parents of undergraduates do not support their entrepreneurial trials and hope that they will find a stable job with a steady income and promote gradually.For the entrepreneurial behaviors of children,they are generally difficult to recognize and help them in the aspects of thoughts,actions and funding.

　　The lack of recognition from parents and supports will,to a large extent,influence their enthusiasm and confidence in innovative undertakings and shake the idea of their own businesses and last give up their own businesses.

　　3.2.3Relatively less entrepreneurship programs

　　Undergraduates only focus on the theoretical stages of learning during university period and therefore are lacking in practical experience.During the entrepreneurial process,undergraduates are very lacking in the abilities of market analysis,judgment,and treatment,having no systematic thoughts in the operation of enterprises and cannot effectively address various unexpected problems.Moreover,the lacking of entrepreneurship programs also seriously affects the number of undergraduate entrepreneurs.Most undergraduates have great difficulties in independent developing on patented products.Though they have full entrepreneurial passion,there are no platforms for them to fulfill their ambitions and finally they have to give up.

　　3.2.4Relatively low enterprise competency of undergraduates

　　President Hu Jintao has pointed out in the national meeting of educators,undergraduates“have weak capacity to adapt to society,work and start their own businesses.”Weak entrepreneurial ability becomes the key constraint for undergraduates to successfully start their own businesses.The compulsory education in China generally neglects the cultivation of creativity of students,which,to some extent,affect the thinking mode of students.Most undergraduates are still accustomed to the181mode of“teachers teach and students learn”and lack self-speculative ability.However,to cultivate undergraduates with independent entrepreneurial abilities,colleges and universities must strengthen the cultivation of innovative talents rather than employment-dominant talents.At present,Chinese graduates often get employed passively and lack innovative spirit and ability,so they are afraid of venturing.Although a small number of people choose to start their own businesses,the success rate in very low.According to related statistics,the success rate of undergraduates in current stage is less than 1%percent.The reasons lie in 2 aspects,on one hand,undergraduates lack the learning of entrepreneurial experience during school time and therefore have no practical experience;on the other hand,they are unfamiliar with the enterprise’s management system and cannot effectively deal with the unexpected events in the entrepreneurial process,ultimately leading to business failures.

　　3.2.5Relatively low quality of enterprise education in colleges and universities

　　Enterprise education in most colleges and universities are taught by the teachers in administrative departments or teaching departments.These teachers previously are responsible for the job arrangement of students but not professional in enterprise education and are lacking in working experience in enterprises and teaching techniques.In addition,the whole system of enterprise education in colleges and universities is lacking in standard ability.The departments in charge of undergraduate enterprise teaching often focus on organizing a variety of entrepreneurship competition rather than on the cultivation of enterprise competency of undergraduates.

　　Building a business is a complicated and hard process,which has high demand for entrepreneurs'comprehensive quality,that is to say,the entrepreneurs must have perfect knowledge structure,unique pioneering quality and reasonable ability structure.

　　Many managers in the applied undergraduate colleges think that enterprise education is only part of the employment direction of the college graduates for a long time,which can relieve the employment pressure of their students.Their enterprise education only includes holding the lectures on entrepreneurial skills and business plan competitions and cannot cultivate the students'Enterprise consciousness,pioneering spirit and enterprise ability from the strategic height.In addition,many colleges’teachers think that the students in applied undergraduate colleges are in the ordinary level and what they need do is to learn Professional knowledge.So they seldom involve the inculcation and guidance of entrepreneurship concepts and neglect the personality development and cultivation of creativity of the students.

　　As a result,English majors lack knowledge and abilities when building a business.

　　The teaching staff for enterprise education is the most important factor for the implement of high-quality enterprise education.The teachers for enterprise education require not only broad theoretical knowledge enterprise education,but also keen enterprise consciousness,thinking and rich practical in enterprise experience.At present,most of the applied undergraduate colleges lack these specialized teachers with rich experiences in enterprise practice.Many teachers have not received the professional training in enterprise education and lack enterprise experience,enterprise consciousness,spirit,knowledge and ability.It is hard for these teachers to do well in cultivating the students'enterprise ability.Some colleges employed some successful entrepreneurs to act as part-time teachers of enterprise education,but these entrepreneurs lack teaching experiences,so their teaching effects are not satisfying.

　　Enterprise cannot do without the support of the social environment.At present,the society cannot provide a supportive environment for the enterprise of the college students and the inertia of our traditional culture works against the enterprise of the college students.

　　Firstly,traditional social concepts have negative effect on enterprise.The ideas that a good scholar will make an official and the quest for more stability in job-choosing are popular with families and the society in China.It is thought that the college graduates should work as administrators in government offices and white collar workers in big companies take part in the postgraduate entrance exams or go abroad.The restraint of the ideas directly leads to the fact that there are not the cultivation and guidance of the innovative spirit and enterprise consciousness of the children in the society and families,which also leads to the lack of response and support that the enterprise education in undergraduate colleges need.

　　Secondly,there is not sound and orderly policy environment for the college students'innovative undertakings.The entrepreneurship practice of the college graduates cannot be separated from the support of government departments.Although central and local governments have issued a series of preferential policies to encourage the college graduates to start a business,but it is still very hard for the college students to start a business.The main reason is that government departments have not done very well in financial support,policy support,project guidance,entrepreneurship training and business environment.

　　Thirdly,some subjective factors prevent the college graduates from starting their business.Influenced by the traditional ideas,most college graduates lack in enterprise consciousness and enterprising spirit.They pay more attention to their majors and neglect the cultivation of comprehensive quality and innovative and enterprising consciousness.For most of them,finding an easy,decent and well-paid work is their main learning target.Few of them consider start their own business.In addition,hard entrepreneurial process and the risks they must undertake,especially the difficulties and setbacks in the early period of entrepreneurship,make the college graduates who lack enough mental preparation for the hard entrepreneurial process stall.

　　How to establish enterprise education curriculum series and the corresponding practice teaching system is the core point of the construction of enterprise education system of applied undergraduate colleges.In recent years,colleges have set up some enterprise education curricula.But in general,the forms of enterprise education are too simple.Systematic education system has not been established in curriculum system design and practice content.At present,the enterprise education curricula are mostly optional courses and the teaching effects are evaluated by the students'business plans rather than the practical entrepreneurial activity.The curricula are not mature and the curriculum system is underdeveloped.Enterprise education curriculum is separated from discipline education and are not melted into the general teaching system of specialty training.As a result,the entrepreneurial training of the college graduates has lost its professional advantages.

　　College students are the subjects of enterprise education and the subjects of the future enterprise.Therefore,self-cultivation of entrepreneurial ability should been regarded as the main form of enterprise education in applied undergraduate colleges.Encourage the students to form positive enterprise concepts and exert their subjective initiative and actively make self-cultivation of entrepreneurial ability.Firstly,change the idea that a good scholar will make an official and the quest for more stability in job-choosing,form the daring consciousness of starting a business and provide solid ideological basis for future enterprise.Secondly,improve their accomplishment and abilities,correct the deviation in self-cognition to make up the shortcomings of self-control,try to cultivate the good psychological qualities for enterprise and form the enterprise spirit of facing and enduring hardship.Finally,take an active part in all kinds of enterprise practice activities,put what has been learnt and thought into the practice,develop oneself in the practice constantly and gain the necessary skills for enterprise in the practice,so as to improve comprehensive quality for starting a business.

　　Environment is vital factor that determines the effects of enterprise education.“Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation”also provides a great opportunity and create a good atmosphere.In 3972009,Chinese State Council issued a notice that“encourages and supports university graduates to start enterprise”.After that,a series of documents supporting enterprise have been launched,laying the foundation for creating better environment.Universities should grasp the golden opportunity to respect innovation and encourage students to start their enterprise,while creating better and more humane environment for them.

　　Firstly,create good social atmosphere where enterprise is encouraged.All kinds of media and the relevant government agencies should popularize the meaning of enterprise education by the wide and lasting public opinion,set up the concept that enterprise is honorable in the whole society and promote the whole society to encourage and help the college graduates start a business.The opinions and attitude of the family,relatives and friends have great influence on the enterprise choice of the college graduates.The family of the graduates should face the reality of current employment market,change the traditional employment view and encourage the children to get rid of the traditional ideas and build a business.

　　Secondly,all levels of government should guide the enterprise education of colleges and help the college graduates to start a business.The enterprise of the college graduates is a social issue,so the government has the obligation to guide and help the college graduates to start a business.Many college graduates face the problems in capital,projects and places in their practice,which slow down their enterprise.The policy leading of the government will reduce the threshold for entrepreneurship,cost and the obstructive factors,so it is main force to drive the college graduates to start a business.Therefore,all levels of government should make and implement the policies related to the enterprise of the college graduates,provide preferential terms and policy guarantee for the college students and graduates in tax and financing,help them solve the problems in capital and projects at the beginning of their enterprise and increase the odds of success in enterprise of the college graduates.Through all kinds of effective measures,strengthen the connection between family,colleges,society and the government and make full use of their integration and mobilize the initiatives of all walks of life in order to establish and improve the social supporting system of enterprise education.

　　Firstly,optimize the talent cultivating plan according to the requirements for enterprise talents.(1)Build enterprise education curriculum system and melt it into the current professional development program.(2)Select the content of enterprise education curriculum and add new special curriculum,such as entrepreneur nurturance,business starting and innovation,business planning and management,innovation management,new business financing,technical competitive advantage management,growing business management,and form the system framework of enterprise education.(3)Study the teaching mode of enterprise education and adopt multi-channel teaching methods in various forms and explore the effective way of connecting enterprise education curriculum with special subject courses system,permeate the contents of enterprise education into the current specialty cultivation system.

　　Secondly,establish opening practice teaching system of enterprise education and improve the students'ability of innovating and starting business.Enterprise education should be a kind of opening education,so a broad practice teaching environment is necessary for establishing enterprise education system.So put external environmental resources,such as social needs and the needs of enterprises,make full use of policy,capital and resources from governments,the society and enterprises,form a resultant force of enterprise education and build a multi-dimensional,solid and opening enterprise education practice teaching system,which includes:(1)simulation in class,which means carrying out open enterprise experimental teaching around the teaching contents;(2)internal entrepreneurial practice in:by setting up pioneer parks and bases,build entrepreneurial ability training platforms to provide places for their entrepreneurial practice;(3)external entrepreneurial practice:innovation mechanism,try to get the support from governments,enterprises and social groups,by the combination between governments,colleges and enterprises,build multifaceted entrepreneurial practice base to provide real places for entrepreneurial practice.

　　Thirdly,strengthen the construction of the teaching staff of enterprise education to guarantee the effective implement of the enterprise education of college graduates.First of all,construct pluralistic teaching staff of enterprise education according to our own advantages and practical situation;the core strength is well-qualified professional teaching staff,which is made up of specially trained full-time teachers,who teach entrepreneurship theory.Next,strengthen the training of enterprise consulting ability of the instructors to make them subtly cultivate the enterprise consciousness and ability in their ordinary work.In addition,form introduction mechanism and widen the channel for teachers of enterprise education.Engage the specialists in pioneering practice,successful entrepreneurs to make enterprise education more practical and provide more direct and specialized consulting and service for the enterprise and development of the students and realize multiple teaching of enterprise education.

　　The quality of teachers has a direct impact on the cultivation of enterprise competency of undergraduates.If the major colleges and universities expect to improve the enterprise competency of undergraduate,they must strengthen the construction of teacher teams in enterprise teaching,establishing high-quality teacher teams which adapt to the enterprise education for undergraduates and combine full-time and part-time professionals.

　　Firstly,colleges and universities can hire well-known entrepreneurs as lecturers and enhance the speech skill training of lecturers and ensure the quality of lectures,providing undergraduates with direct entrepreneurial experience and business knowledge,improving their enterprise competency.

　　Secondly,colleges and universities can enhance the training of their own teachers of enterprise education and arrange them to participate in the entrepreneurial teacher training and other high-level entrepreneurial teacher training organized by the Human Resources Department and Social Security Department in China;colleges and universities establish a number of students enterprise zones and incubation bases,continuously increasing the venture opportunities for undergraduates and helping them accumulate practical experience of entrepreneurship during the university period.

　　Finally,colleges and universities should encourage the enterprise education teachers to consciously improve their teaching qualities and encourage them to intern in enterprises and be personally involved in entrepreneurship or other ways to accumulate rich experience in teaching practice.

　　Summary

　　Facing the growing pressure on employment,the number of undergraduates who independently start their own businesses is continuously growing.However,the success rate is relatively low.Therefore,major colleges and universities should make full use of various internal and external conditions to speed up the perfection of management system of enterprise education for undergraduates,to do a good job of enterprise education and to improve the enterprise competency of undergraduates.

　　Acknowledgements

　　At the point of finishing this paper,I’d like to express my sincere thanks to all those who have lent me hands in the course of my writing this paper.

　　First of all,I’d like to take this opportunity to show my sincere gratitude to my supervisor,Ms.Gao,who has given me so much useful advice on my writing,and has tried her best to improve my paper.

　　Secondly,I’d like to express my gratitude to my classmates who offered me references and information on time.

　　Last but not the least,I’d like to thank those leaders,teachers and working staff especially those in the Department of Foreign Languages.Without their help,it would be much harder for me to finish my study and this paper.

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